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Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges

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Descripción

Written by the leading author on the subject of vehicle scanning method (VSM) for bridges, this book allows engineers to monitor every bridge of concern on a regular and routine basis, for the purpose of maintenance and damage detection


Características

  • ISBN: 9781119539612|
  • Páginas: 288
  • Tamaño: 17x24
  • Edición:
  • Idioma: Ingles
  • Año: 2019

Disponibilidad: 3 a 7 Días

Contenido Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges

Written by the leading author on the subject of vehicle scanning method (VSM) for bridges, this book allows engineers to monitor every bridge of concern on a regular and routine basis, for the purpose of maintenance and damage detection. It includes a review of the existing literature on the topic and presents the basic concept of extracting bridge frequencies from a moving test vehicle fitted with vibration sensors. How road surface roughness affects the vehicle scanning method is considered and a finite element simulation is conducted to demonstrate how surface roughness affects the vehicle response. Case studies and experimental results are also included.

Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges covers an enhanced technique for extracting higher bridge frequencies. It examines the effect of road roughness on extraction of bridge frequencies, and looks at a dual vehicle technique for suppressing the effect of road roughness. A filtering technique for eliminating the effect of road roughness is also presented. In addition, the book covers the identification of bridge mode shapes, contact-point response for modal identification of bridges, and damage detection of bridges—all through the use of a moving test vehicle.
•The first book on vehicle scanning of the dynamic properties of bridges
•Written by the leading author on the subject
•Includes a state-of-the-art review of the existing works on the vehicle scanning method (VSM)
•Presents the basic concepts for extracting bridge frequencies from a moving test vehicle fitted with vibration sensors
•Includes case studies and experimental results

The first book to fully cover scanning the dynamic properties of bridges with a vehicle, Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges is an excellent resource for researchers and engineers working in civil engineering, including bridge engineering and structural health monitoring.

Table of contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction


1.1 Modal Properties of Bridges
1.2 Basic Concept of the Vehicle Scanning Method
   1.2.1 Bridge Frequency Extraction
   1.2.2 Bridge Mode Shapes Construction
1.3 Brief on the Works Conducted by Yang and Co?Workers
1.4 Works Done by Researchers Worldwid
   1.4.1 Theoretical Analysis and Simulation
   1.4.2 Laboratory Test
   1.4.3 Field Investigation
1.5 Concluding Remarks

2 Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies: Simple Theory

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Formulation of the Analytical Theory
2.3 Single? Mode Analytical Solution
2.4 Condition of Resonance
2.5 Simulation by the Finite Element Method (FEM)
2.6 Verification of Accuracy of Analytical Solutions
2.7 Extraction of Fundamental Frequency of Bridge
   2.7.1 Effect of Moving Speed of the Vehicle
   2.7.2 Condition of Resonance
   2.7.3 Effect of Damping of the Bridge
   2.7.4 Effect of a Vehicle Traveling over a Stiffer Bridge
2.8 Concluding Remarks

3 Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies: General Theory

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Physical Modeling and Formulation
3.3 Dynamic Response of the Beam
   3.3.1 Beam’s Response to a Single Moving Vehicle
   3.3.2 Beam’s Response to Five Moving Vehicles
3.4 Dynamic Response of the Moving Vehicle
3.5 Numerical Verification
3.6 Concluding Remarks

4 Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies: Experiment

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Objective of This Chapter
4.3 Description of the Test Bridge
4.4 Description of the Test Vehicle
4.5 Instrumentation
4.6 Testing Plan
4.7 Eigenvalue Analysis Results
4.8 Experimental Results
   4.8.1 Ambient Vibration Test
   4.8.2 Vehicle Characteristics Test
   4.8.3 Bridge Response to the Moving Truck
   4.8.4 Response of the Test Cart Resting on the Bridge to the Moving Truck
   4.8.5 Response of the Moving Test Cart with No Ongoing Traffic
   4.8.6 Response of the Moving Test Cart with Ongoing Traffic
4.9 Comparing the Measured Results with Numerical Results
4.10 Concluding Remarks

5 EMD?Enhanced Vehicle Scanning of Bridge Frequencies

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Analytical Formulation of the Problem
5.3 Finite Element Simulation of the Problem
5.4 Empirical Mode Decomposition
5.5 Extraction of Bridge Frequencies by Numerical Simulation
   5.5.1 Example 1: Single Moving Vehicle
   5.5.2 Example 2: Five Sequential Moving Vehicles
   5.5.3 Example 3: Five Random Moving Vehicles
5.6 Experimental Studies
5.7 Concluding Remarks

6 Effect of Road Roughness on Extraction of Bridge Frequencies

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Simulation of Roughness Profiles
6.3 Simulation of Bridges with Rough Surface
6.4 Effect of Road Roughness on Vehicle Response
   6.4.1 Case 1: Vehicle Frequency Less than Any Bridge Frequencies
   6.4.2 Case 2: Vehicle Frequency Greater than the First Bridge Frequency
6.5 Vehicle Responses Induced by Separate Excitational Source
6.6 Closed?Form Solution of Vehicle Response Considering Road Roughness
6.7 Reducing the Impact of Road Roughness by Using Two Connected Vehicles
6.8 Numerical Studies
   6.8.1 Example 1. Two Identical Vehicles Moving over the Bridge of Class A Roughness
   6.8.2 Example 2. Two Identical Vehicles Moving over the Bridge of Class C Roughness
   6.8.3 Example 3. Two Vehicles of Identical Frequency but Different Properties
   6.8.4 Effect of Vehicle Spacing on Identification of Bridge Frequencies
6.9 Concluding Remarks

7 Filtering Technique for Eliminating the Effect of Road Roughness

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Numerical Simulations for Vehicle Responses
7.3 Filtering Techniques
   7.3.1 Band?Pass Filter (BPF)/Band?Stop Filter (BSF)
   7.3.2 Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA)
   7.3.3 Singular Spectrum Analysis with Band?Pass Filter (SSA?BPF)
7.4 Case Studies 145
   7.4.1 Case 1: Vehicle Frequency Smaller than First Bridge Frequency
   7.4.2 Case 2: Vehicle Frequency Greater than First Bridge Frequency
7.5 Concluding Remarks

8 Hand?Drawn Cart Used to Measure Bridge Frequencies

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Dynamic Properties of the Hand?Drawn Test Cart
8.3 Basic Dynamic Tests for the Test Cart
8.4 Field Tests
   8.4.1 Effect of Cart Weight
   8.4.2 Effect of Various Traveling Speeds
   8.4.3 Various Volumes of Existing Traffic Flows
8.5 Concluding Remarks

9 Theory for Retrieving Bridge Mode Shapes

9.1 Introduction
9.2 Hilbert Transformation
9.3 Theoretical Formulation
9.4 Algorithms and Constraints
9.5 Case Studies
   9.5.1 Test Vehicle Passing through a Bridge with Smooth Road Surface
   9.5.2 Effect of Vehicle Speed
   9.5.3 Test Vehicle Traveling along with Random Traffic
   9.5.4 Effect of Road Surface Roughness
9.6 Concluding Remarks

10 Contact?Point Response for Modal Identification of Bridges

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Theoretical Formulation
     10.2.1 Dynamic Response of the Vehicle−Bridge Contact Point
     10.2.2 Dynamic Response of the Moving Vehicle
     10.2.3 Procedure for Calculating the Contact?Point Response in a Field Test
     10.2.4 Relationship Between the Contact?Point and Vehicle Responses
10.3 Finite Element Simulation of VBI Problems
     10.3.1 Brief on VBI Element
     10.3.2 Verification of the Theoretical Solution
10.4 Retrieval of Bridge Frequencies
10.5 Retrieval of Bridge Mode Shapes
     10.5.1 Effect of Moving Speed
     10.5.2 Effect of Vehicle Frequency
10.6 Effect of Road Roughness
     10.6.1 Bridge with Rough Surface Free of Existing Traffic
     10.6.2 Bridge with Rough Surface under Existing Traffic
10.7 Concluding Remarks

11 Damage Detection of Bridges Using the Contact?Point Response

11.1 Introduction
11.2 Dynamic Response of the Vehicle?Bridge System
     11.2.1 Contact?Point Response: Analytical Solution
     11.2.2 Contact?Point Response: For Use in Field Test
11.3 Algorithm for Damage Detection
     11.3.1 Hilbert Transformation
     11.3.2 Strategy for Damage Detection
11.4 Finite Element Simulation of the Problem
     11.4.1 Damage Element for Beams
     11.4.2 Brief on Vehicle−Bridge Interaction (VBI) Element Used
11.5 Detection of Damages on a Beam
     11.5.1 Detection of Damage Location on the Beam
     11.5.2 Detection of Damage Severity
     11.5.3 Detection of Multiple Damages
11.6 Parametric Study
     11.6.1 Effect of Test Vehicle Speed
     11.6.2 Effect of Measurement Noise
     11.6.3 Bridge with Rough Surface Free of Random Traffic
     11.6.4 Bridge with Rough Surface under Random Traffic
11.7 Concluding Remarks

Appendix: Finite Element Simulation

References

Author Index

Subject Index


 

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