This book provides the means for a better control and purposeful consideration of the design of Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel (AESS). It deploys a detailed categorization of AESS and its uses according to design context, building typology and visual exposure. In a rare combination, this approach makes high quality benchmarks compatible with economies in terms of material use, fabrication methods, workforce and cost.
This book provides the means for a better control and purposeful consideration of the design of Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel (AESS). It deploys a detailed categorization of AESS and its uses according to design context, building typology and visual exposure. In a rare combination, this approach makes high quality benchmarks compatible with economies in terms of material use, fabrication methods, workforce and cost.
Building with exposed steel has become more and more popular worldwide, also as advances in fire safety technology have permitted its use for building tasks under stringent fire regulations. On her background of long standing as a teacher in architectural steel design affiliated with many institutions, the author ranks among the world‘s best scholars on this topic.
Among the fields covered by the extensive approach of this book are the characteristics of the various categories of AESS, the interrelatedness of design, fabrication and erection of the steel structures, issues of coating and protection (including corrosion and fire protection), special materials like weathering steel and stainless steel, the member choices and a connection design checklist. The description draws on many international examples from advanced contemporary architecture, all visited and photographed by the author, among which figure buildings like the Amgen Helix Bridge in Seattle, the Shard Observation Level in London, the New York Times Building and the Arganquela Footbridge.
FOREWORD by Dr. Edwin Basson,
Director General,
World Steel Association
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 THE BASIS OF ARCHITECTURALLY EXPOSED STRUCTURAL STEEL
What is AESS?
The Evolution of Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel
From Structural Rationalism to High Tech
Initial Developments in High Tech Detailing
Primary Factors of Influence that Define AESS
Communication Issues between Architect, Engineer and Fabricator
The Role of BIM and Detailing Software
CHAPTER 2 THE CATEGORY SYSTEM
To Grind or Not to Grind?
Standard Structural Steel
AESS 1 – Basic Elements
AESS 2 – Feature Elements with a View Distance > 6m/20ft
AESS 3 – Feature Elements with a View Distance ≤ 6m/20ft
AESS 4 – Showcase Elements
AESS C – Custom Elements
Mixed Categories
CHAPTER 3 CHARACTERISTICS
AESS 1 – Basic Elements
AESS 2 – Feature Elements with a View Distance > 6m/20ft
AESS 3 – Feature Elements with a View Distance ≤ 6m/20ft
AESS 4 – Showcase Elements
FABRICATION OF SEAMLESS TUBE-TO-TUBE SPLICE, CONNECTIONS
AESS C – Custom Elements
Using the System
AESS CATEGORY MATRIX
CHAPTER 4 ERECTION CONSIDERATIONS
Transforming an Architectural
Idea into Prefabricated AESS Elements
Shop versus Site Fabrication
The Impact of Transport Issues on Design
Site Constraints
Care in Handling
Sequencing, Lifting, Access and Safety
Erecting the Steel
Combining AESS with Other
Systems
CHAPTER 5 COATINGS & PROTECTION
Surface
Preparation
Paint Systems
Primers
Shop versus Site-applied
Coatings
Corrosion Protection:Galvanization, Metallization,Stainless Steel,Weathering Steel
Fire Protection Systems:Intumescent Coatings, Sprayed Fire-resistive Materials (SFRM),Concrete-filled Steel Tubes
CHAPTER 6 MEMBER CHOICES
The Texture of an AESS Project
Choosing a Member Type
Hot-rolled Steel Sections
Tubular or Hollow Structural Sections (HSS): Round Hollow Structural Sections, Square or Rectangular Hollow Structural
Sections
Elliptical Hollow Sections (EHS)
Custom-fabricated Sections
Tapered Tubes or Cones
CHAPTER 7 CONNECTIONS
Definitions
Connection Design Checklist
Shop versus Site Fabrication
Connection Mock-ups and
Visual Samples
Bolted Connections
Welded Connections
Pin Connections
CHAPTER 8 SPECIALIZED CONNECTIONS
Making Connections Less Visible
Hidden Connections
Discreet Connections
Cast Connections
CHAPTER 9 CUSTOM FABRICATION
Building Profiles
APPENDIX
Selected Bibliographic
References
Notes
Illustration Credits
Subject Index
Index of Buildings
Index of Persons and Firms
About the Author
BUILDING PROFILES
WESTGATE PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLE BRIDGE Auckland, New Zealand
Jasmax architects, Aurecon Consulting Engineers and HEB Construction
STRATFORD TOWN CENTRE LINK London, England
Knight Architects with Buro Happold
THE GLASS BRIDGE Perth Australia
Donaldson + Warn; Capital House Engineers; artists David Jones,
Kevin Draper and Richard Walley;John Holland Constructions
ONTARIO COLLEGE OF ART AND DESIGN Toronto, ON, Canada
Will Alsop Architect
BARAJAS AIRPORT TERMINAL 4 Madrid,Spain
Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners
NEO BANKSIDE HOUSING London, England
Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners
NEO BANKSIDE HOUSING London, England
Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners
BRISBANE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Brisbane, Australia
Richards and Spence with Arkhefield
RENOVATION OF OLYMPIASTADION BERLIN Berlin, Germany
Architekten von Gerkan,Marg und Partner
REGENT PALACE HOTEL London, England
Dixon Jones Architects
BALTIC CENTRE FOR CONTEMPORARY ART Gateshead, England
Ellis Williams Architects
SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE Sydney, Australia
Jørn Utzon and Ove Arup
AMGEN HELIX BRIDGE Seattle, WA, USA
Johnson Architecture and KPFF
Consulting Engineers
CANOE BRIDGE Vancouver, BC, Canada
PWL Partnership Landscape Architects
VIADUCT EVENTS CENTER Auckland,New Zealand
Moller Architects
THE SHARD OBSERVATION LEVEL London, England
Renzo Piano Building Workshop and WSP
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUILDING New York City,NY,USA
Renzo Piano Building Workshop, FXFOWLE Architects and Thornton Thomasetti
NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF CANADA Gatineau, QC, Canada
Blouin IKOY & Associés
CANNON STREET STATION AND OFFICE BUILDING London, England
Foggo Associates
PUENTE DE LUZ Toronto,ON,Canada
Francisco Gazitua
ARGANZUELA BRIDGE Madrid, Spain
Dominique Perrault Architecture with MC2 Estudio de Ingeniería, S.L.
ORIENTE STATION Lisbon, Portugal
Santiago Calatrava
PEACE BRIDGE Calgary, AB, Canada
Santiago Calatrava
GATESHEAD MILLENNIUM BRIDGE Newcastle, England
Wilkinson Eyre Architects with Gifford
PEDRO AND INÊS BRIDGE Coimbra, Portugal
Cecil Balmond
ABC MUSEUM Madrid, Spain
Aranguren + Gallegos Arquitectos
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE HEADQUARTERS
Edmonton, AB, Canada Manasc Isaac Architects
BOSTON SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTS STAIR,Boston,MA,USA
Höweler + Yoon Architecture
CAIXA FORUM Madrid, Spain
Herzog & de Meuron